Dai ni na aten na hpaga lam hta n mai malap ai npawt nhpang arung arai langai hku nna, hpaga lam hta jai lang ai n-gun dat ni gaw, lam law law hta ahkyak ai lit nga ai. Shanhte gaw, intermolecular forces (sh) chemical bonding hku nna, arung arai ni a lapran ngang kang ai matut mahkai lam hpe lu la nna, galaw shapraw ai lam ni hpe asan sha galaw ya lu ai hte, galaw shapraw ai arung arai ni a bungli galaw ai lam hte kam hpa mai ai lam hpe grai shatsaw ya lu ai.
Structural joining hta, hpaga lam hta jai lang ai n-gun dat ni gaw, htunghking hku galaw ai jak hte n-gun dat ai ladat ni hpe galai shai ya lu ai (welding hte riveting zawn re ai ni), n-gun n law ai arung arai ni rai nga ai, composite hte aluminum alloys ni a matu, n-gun ja ai n-gun dat ladat ni hpe jaw ya lu ai. Ga shadawn, nbungli ntsa hta, wing skins ni hpe frame ni hte matut mahkai na matu adhesives ni hpe lang nna, structural weight hpe shayawm ya ai sha n-ga, myit ru myit tsang lam ni hpe mung shayawm ya ai hte metal fatigue hpe mung pat shingdang ya ai. Mawdaw hpaga lam hta, epoxy resins hte polyurethane adhesives ni hpe hkum hkrang hpe pat da ai hte hkrat sum ai lam hpe grai lang ai majaw, mawdaw a shimlum lam hte n-gun n rawng ai lam hpe grai shatsaw ya lu ai.
Functional adhesives ni gaw shanhte a bungli galaw ai lam hta grau nna jat wa nga ai. Conductive adhesives ni gaw, chips ni hpe electronic shingnip kata na substrate ni hte matut mahkai ya ai sha n-ga, jak rung hku nna mung madi shadaw ya ai. Katsi ai hpe n-gun jaw ai adhesives ni gaw, electronic jak ni kaw na katsi ai hpe atsawm sha shapraw kau ya ai majaw, ngang grin ai hku bungli galaw lu ai. Tsi hpaji hta, hkala nba shingnip ni a malai, biocompatible adhesives hpe lang nna, machyi masha ni hpe lahkawng lang ngu na hkra machyi ai lam hpe shayawm ya lu ai. Dai hta n-ga, n-gun ja ai -temperature- hpe hkam sharang lu ai adhesives ni gaw engine a daw ni hpe gram lajang ai hte n-gun ja ai -temperature arung arai ni hpe shinggyin la lu ai hta grau kaja ai majaw, grai sawng ai bungli galaw ai masa ni a ra kadawn ai lam ni hpe hkap la lu ai.
Hpaga lam hta akyu rawng ai hku yu yang, automated adhesive coating galaw ai ladat gaw, shinggyin la ai aten hpe grai kadun shangun nna, bungli galaw masha ni a manu hpe mung shayawm ya lu ai. Shi a flexible bonding atsam gaw, vibration hte shock hpe mung buffer galaw ya nna, product a prat hpe galu shangun ai. Hkringmang daju gaw, grup yin hpe makawp maga ai hka- hte UV-curing adhesives ni hpe n-gun jaw ai lam gaw, hkai sun galaw shapraw ai lam de sa wa ai masa hte grau nna htuk manu nga ai.
Tsun ga nga yang, hpaga lam hta n-gun dat ni gaw, arung arai ni hpe matut mahkai na matu ladat langai sha n-ga, hpaga lam hta galaw shapraw ai lam hpe rawt jat galu kaba wa hkra galaw na matu, madung hpaji masa langai mung rai nga ai. Materials science hta rawt jat wa ai hte maren, adhesives ni gaw grau rawt jat galu kaba wa ai hte grau kungkyang ai ginra ni hta galai shai n lu ai manu hpe madun dan nna, grau nna akyu rawng ai hte hpaji rawng ai de matut manoi rawt jat galu kaba wa ai hpaga lam masa ni hpe shadut ya na re.